7^th International Conference on Brain Injury and Neurological Disorders April 10-12, 2018 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Neurological disorders are the diseases of central and peripheral nervous system. Like brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction.  Disorders  such as epilepsy, Alzheimer disease,  dementias, cerebrovascular diseases which includes stroke, migraine and  headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, brain tumours, traumatic disorders of  nervous system due to head trauma, and neurological disorders as a result of malnutrition.

Procedures that have been proving to be advantageous in nervous disease therapy like regenerative therapies, gene therapy, neural stem cell therapy, transracial direct current stimulation therapy etc.

Neuropathology is a branch which deals with the study of diseases of the nervous system, and typically that includes the laboratory analysis of tissue samples for personalized diagnosis and forensic investigations. Neuropathologists who make these diagnoses and conduct research in this field, areas which includes are brain tumours, Alzheimer disease and neurodegenerative disorders, stroke and cerebrovascular disorders, cerebral palsy and developmental disorders of the brain.

Neuropharmacology is the branch that deals with the study how the drugs affect the cell function in the central nervous system, and the neural mechanisms by which they influence behavioural changes.  Two main branches of neuropharmacology which includes 1) behavioural neuropharmacology and 2) molecular neuropharmacology. 1) Behavioural neuropharmacology mainly deals with how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. 2) Molecular neuropharmacology is the study about the neurons and their neurochemical interactions. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions. By these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat different neurological disorders, such as  pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, like  addiction, and many others.

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized medical field which focused on surgical treatment of brain and spine disorders.  It is a complex surgical procedure which involves diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation of disorders affecting any part of the nervous system. The devices which are used to perform neurosurgeries are neurosurgical devices. Which are used to perform the surgeries like oncological neurosurgery, endovascular neurosurgery, and stereotactic neurosurgery. These surgeries are performed to treat neurological disorders like tumours, trauma, and brain injuries

Brain mapping is a technique or method which is used for the study of the structure and functions of different parts of the brain. Brain mapping is used for recording of brain wave activities. Brain mapping helps for surgeons in identifying brain areas which is responsible for critical functions of the body like locomotion, vision, sensation, and speech. Brain mapping helps in detection of various abnormalities such as tumours, seizures (partial, incomplete, complete) toxic injuries, Alzheimer disorders, infections. Brain mapping also helps in identifying the external environment, physical injuries. It is done by stimulation of certain brain areas that which perform language, motor, sensory, and visual functions. Brain-mapping instruments are computed tomography, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, magneto encephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. These techniques help in measuring cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and structural integrity of the brain. It is performed in two ways two-stage procedures and directly during surgery. Brain mapping, performed during surgery, is known as intraoperative brain mapping. The brain mapping procedure time depends upon targeted brain tissues for surgery and locations of surgery.

Neuroimaging is also called as brain imaging which includes various techniques to image the morphology, functioning of the nervous system. It is a new discipline within medical knowledge.

Neuroradiology is a subspecialty of radiology that focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, spine and head and neck using neuroimaging techniques. It includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging.

During 2066-2015 as per global report 582 patients were hospitalized with neurological disorders and the ratio of the patients having neuro-CTs raised by 86% to 88%,  neuro-MRs by 79%-93%,  and requirement of  ICU care increased  17% to 26%.

Spinal Cord is main pathway for the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. It is a long, and fragile, tube like structure that extends downward from base of the brain.

Mostly pinal stenosis affects the people at age of 60 and also occur in younger people born with the abnormal spinal canal. Lumbar spinal stenosis, cervical spinal stenosis and thoracic spinal stenosis are the three types of spinal stenosis. Mostly 75% of the cases of spinal stenosis occur in the lower lumbar region.

Stroke is when there is a poor blood flow to the brain that results in cell death. There are two types of stroke 1) ischemic stroke which is defined as   lack of blood flow to the brain, 2) haemorrhagic stroke which occurs due to bleeding. These result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Symptoms like inability to move or feel on one side of the body, feeling like the world is spinning, or loss of vision. If the symptoms last in less than one or two hours then  it is known as a transient ischemic attack  also known as  mini-stroke. A haemorrhagic stroke associated with a severe headache. The symptoms of a stroke can be permanent. 

Neurological disorder is any disorder that belongs to nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in brain, spinal cord and other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Some symptoms like paralysis, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, and pain.

World Health Organization estimated in the year 2006 that neurological disorders affect one billion people worldwide.

Market of CNS disorders are categorized into three segments, psychiatry, neurology and pain drugs market.. Among these the psychiatry segment has the largest share that accounting for more than 40% next followed by neurology and pain segment. As of year 2012, world health organization said that about 50 million people are suffering from epilepsy worldwide most of them belong to developing nations.

Peripheral Neuropathy is damage or disease that affects the nerves, which may be impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function, and other aspects of health, depending on type of nerve affected. Some common causes include systemic affect which causes diseases such as diabetes, vitamin deficiency, and medication.  Peripheral neuropathy may be chronic or acute. Acute neuropathies demand for urgent diagnosis. Motor nerves, sensory nerves, or autonomic nerves may be affected.  Peripheral neuropathies may be classified according to the type of nerve involved, or by the underlying cause.

Geriatric and obese population people are at high risk for the developing peripheral neuropathy. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention stated, that the people who are diagnosed with diabetes mostly are obese. so, with the rising in geriatric population and growing prevalence of diabetes propels the demand of global market to peripheral neuropathy treatment. According to World Health Organization, the global geriatric population increase from 524 million in 2010 to about 2 billion by the year 2050. World Health Organization stated in the year 2012 that, more than the 40 million children under the age of 5 were overweight. And it has also estimated that 10% of the world population of adult was obese in 2012.

Globally, dementia affected total of 46 million people in 2015. About 10% of people develop this disorder at any some point of their lives. By ages 3% of the people between the ages 65–74 have dementia, and 19% of people between the age 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age. In 2013 dementia was resulted in about 1.7 million deaths in 1990. As more number of people are living longer, dementia is becoming very common in population as a whole.  It is to be believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD per year.

These are a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that includes serious impairment in different areas.   These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders. One of the most common developmental disorders is mental retardation. More than one out of every 100 school children in the United States has mental retardation. Second Development disorder is the Cerebral palsy, and next autism spectrum disorders.  In definitions Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorder is the progressive loss of structure or function of the neurons, including the death of the neurons. Some of the neurodegenerative diseases are Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Motor neurone diseases, and Huntington's occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. Such diseases are mostly incurable, resulting in progressive degeneration or death of the neuron cells. Neurodegeneration can found in the many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from the molecular to systemic.

Based on regions, global neurodegenerative disease market is segmented into the seven key regions: North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia Pacific, Japan, and Middle East & Africa. Global market for neurodegenerative disease is expected to grow by a CAGR are of around 5%. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth due to the large population base over the forecast years.

Brain Injury is a common term which is used to describe any trauma to the head or brain but most specifically to the brain itself. There are several types of head injuries may occur such as skull fractures, intracranial haemorrhage like subdural or epidural hematoma. Treatment of a head or brain injury depends mainly on the cause and the severity of the injury.

Brain disorders are one of the most serious health problems facing our society .Brain disorders or Brain damage includes many conditions that can affect your brain. Those conditions that are caused by illness, genetics, or brain injury.

When the brain is damaged, it can affect many different things, such as memory, sensation, and functions. The brain is susceptible to different disorders that strike at every stage of our life. They are also the most mysterious of all diseases.

There are about 10 million people in the UK living with the neurological condition which has a very significant impact on their lives. Mainly stroke, Depression dementia, headache, Brain injury and epilepsy are the neurological conditions suffered in UK. It has been estimated that the lifetime risk of developing Brain and other central nervous system cancer is 1 in 133 for men and 1 in 185 for women in the UK.